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How vacuum glazing’s thermal performance changes with specification
achieved
to date
        achievable        
Glass thickness (mm) 3 3 3 3 4 4 2.3 3 4 4
Pillar separation (mm) 20 20 20 20 25 25 31* 40* 54* 54*
Pillar radius (mm) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.175 0.023 0.31 0.31
Emittance of low-e coating 0 0.21 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.04 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.04
Total conductance air-to-air (W/m2°C) 2.76 1.64 1.25 0.81 0.63 0.54 0.60 0.53 0.47 0.38
*requires tempered glass