Pool Re used to cover damage from "fire and explosion" but this has been extended to "all risks". The government says this will include biological contamination, nuclear attacks, the use of aircraft in attacks and flood damage.
Ruth Kelly, financial secretary to the Treasury, said: "These changes will provide more certainty for the insurance industry and its customers and put Pool Re on a more modern footing."
Pool Re is a reinsurance firm owned by most of the UK's commercial insurers. The Treasury acts as Pool Re's last-resort reinsurer should the fund ever be exhausted by a series of large claims.
Under the new rules, the maximum amount individual insurers can be liable for will be capped at £30m per terrorist attack.
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