Museums and Art Galleries - Cost model, October 1997 | Features

Table 1: Display and storage requirements
	Display	Storage
Museum type	(% gfa)	(%gfa)
National	35	29
Local authority	57	25
Independent	58	12
All museums	53	19
Source: Manual of Museum Planning

Table 2: Typical specified floor loadings
Function	Typical floor loading (kN/m2)
Exhibition spaces	04-May
Circulation	04-May
Toilets	2
Catering	3
Retail	4+ (depending on storage)
Storage	May-15
Offices	2.5
Workshops	5-7.5
Plant	7.5-10
Allowance for suspended exhibits	up to 2.5

Table 3: Environmental design criteria
Close environment control
Temperature	19 (±)1 °C (winter)
	24 (±1) °C (summer)
Relative humidity	50-55 (±5) %
Particle filtration	90-95% efficiency
Good quality control
Temperature	20 (±2) °C
Relative humidity	53 (±7) %
Particle filtration	60% efficiency
Collections in display cases
Temperature	16-26 °C
Relative humidity	45-65 %
Particle filtration	90% efficiency

Table 4: Indicative fit-out costs
Display cases and lighting, finishes	£2000-4000/m2
Display fittings and power	£1000-1800/m2
Interactive display	£1500-2500/m2
Ticketing and retail	£1000-1500/m2
Display case (to 1.5 x 1.5m)	£3000--15000/each
Fibre-optic lighting to display case	£700-1000
Interactive 'hands-on' feature	£7000-10000/each
Interactive video installations:	jojk''
Video wall	allow £250-350000
Video monitor hardware	allow £3500-5000
AV installation to cinema	allow £100-350 000

Table 5: Indicative construction costs
Building type	Cost (£/m2 gfa)*
International standard art gallery	1600-2200
National standard museum (excluding fit-out)	1800+
National standard art gallery	1300-1600
National standard science and technology muserum (excluding fit-out)	1200-1500
National standard independent specialist museum (excluding fit-out)	1200-1500
Regional independend specialist museum (excluding fit-out)	800-1200
Independent commercial art gallery	700-900
Refurbishment of historic building to create gallery space to international standards	up to 3500
*Costs are for outer London and exclude demolition, enabling works and external works

Cost breakdown
	Element cost (£)	Cost /m2 gfa (£)	% of total cost
Substructure	208 100	88.22	5.85
Foundations: 450/600 mm diameter piles, 12 m deep, removing spoil		80 @	£730
Allowance for testing		item @	£15 000
Pile caps: formwork with fine smooth finish to exposed surfaces		80 @	£250
Insitu reinforced concrete suspended slab, reinforcement @ 170 kg/m3		1240 m2 @	£80
Damp-proofing: liquid asphaltic bitumen, vapour barrier, insulation		1240 m2 @	£12.50
Frame	131 600	55.79	3.7
Insitu reinforced concrete shear walls: average 200 mm thick, special smooth finish, reinforcement @ 175 kg/m3		125 m2 @	£90
Insitu reinforced concrete columns: average 300 x 300 mm, special smooth finish, reinforcement @ 175 kg/m3		180 m @	£45
Insitu reinforced concrete columns: 300 mm diameter, special smooth finish, reinforcement @ 175 kg/m3		100 m @	£70
Fabricated and erected grade 43 steel frame: beams, purlins, cladding rails, based on 70 kg/m2		45 t @	£1,100
Fabricated and erected grade 43 steel frame: trusses and build-up girders, based on 70 kg/m2		19 t @	£1,800
Additional steelwork		item @	£12 000
Surface finishes: blast cleaning, two-coat primer		1900 m2 @	£5
Upper floors	105 800	44.85	2.97
Insitu reinforced concrete suspended slab: average 280 mm thick, special smooth finish, reinforcement @ 170 kg/m3		1175 m2 @	£90
Roof	341 500	144.76	9.6
Insitu reinforced concrete suspended slab: average 230 mm thick with upstands etc, special smooth finish to soffit, reinforcement @ 200 kg/m3		300 m2 @	£110
Structural timber: pitched roof members in treated sawn softwood, average size 100 x 50 mm, individual supports, cappings etc		880 m2 @	£12
Coated stainless steel sheeting: U-profile structural liner, 18 mm water/boilproof plywood, insulation		1860 m2 @	£95
Extra for insulated gutters		150 m @	£65
Extra for perimeter treatments, facias, copings, flashings, etc		540 m @	£25
Patent glazing: double-glazed laminated rooflight, powder-coated aluminium glazing bars		240 m 2 @	£250
Allowance for louvre panels to rooflights		item @	£20 000
Single-ply PVCu roofing: fully adhered membrane, insulation pre-cut to falls, vapour barrier		240 m2 @	£75
Stairs	55 500	23.53	1.56
Precast concrete stairs and half-landings: two numbers, overall rise 2.85, special smooth finish		item @	£12 000
Insitu concrete stairs and steps: five number, overall rise 6 m, fine smooth finish to soffit		item @	£6,000
Isolated balustrades: average 1.1 m high stainless steel handrail, toughened glass panel		25 m @	£500
Isolated handrails: stainless steel, 50 mm diameter		40 m @	£150
Mild steel screens: 50 x 50 mm rolled hollow section framing, 3 mm thick mild steel sheet both sides, associated mild steel handrails		30 m2 @	£300
Access ladder and roof-level gantry		item @	£10 000
External walls	148 600	62.99	4.18
Hardwood rainscreen cladding: unseasoned English oak, Douglas fir framing, vapour barrier, 180 mm thick mineral wool insulation		546 m2 @	£150
Stainless steel flushing		160 m @	£42
Glass-reinforced cement panel cladding: steel-stud framing, insulation, mastic joints		160 m2 @	£275
Glass-reinforced cement soffit cladding: steel-stud framing, insulation, mastic joints		80 m2 @	£200
Windows and external doors	273 700	116.02	7.69
Steel-framed glazed screens, double-glazed units with 6 mm toughened glass outer pane and 10 mm laminatd glass inner pane		500 m2 @	£300
Extra for sliding window assemblies		200 m2 @	£220
Extra for polyester powder-coated doors sets		6 @	£1,200
Steel doors: 1.5 x 3 m, galvanised polyester powder-coated, rolled hollow section steel frame, stainless steel door furniture		6 @	£5,500
Steel doors: 1.1 x 2.8 m polyester powder-coated, one-hour fire-rating, galvanised steel channel frame, stainless steel door furniture		11 @	£2,150
External roller blinds: acrylic canvas, gear-operated, 2 m projection		110 m2 @	£130
Windows boards, trims and accessories		item @	£15 000
Internal walls and partitions	61 300	25.99	1.72
Partitions: 100 mm thick dense aggregate common blockwork		550 m2 @	£18
Partitions: 100 mm thick dense aggregate facing blockwork		300 m2 @	£32
Metal and stud partition: two layers of plasterboard each face, insulation, skim coat		100 m2 @	£35
Glazed screens: stainless and mild steel plates and channels, 15 mm clear-float toughened glass, 100 mm obscure-float toughened glass, butt joints, silicone sealant		115 m2 @	£250
Cubicle paritions		item @	£2,500
Laminate-faced duct panels: sawn-softwood framing		item @	£7,000
Internal doors	117 200	49.68	3.29
Flush doors: sheet-steel, reinforced solid core, oak-veneer facings, factory-applied lacquer finish, mild steel door frame, 30-minute fire-rating, stainless steel door furniture		35 @	£1,950
Flush doors: sheet stell, reinfoced solid core, oak-vener facings, factory-applied lacquer finish, mild steel door frame, 30-minute fire-rating, stainless steel door furniture		19 @	£1,450
Steel doors and frames: factory-glazed, polyester powder-coated finish, one-hour fire-rating, vision panels		7 @	£1,850
Glass doors: 12 mm armourplate glass, floor spring, pivot fixings		6 @	£1,400
Wall finishes	31 800	13.48	0.89
Dry-lining: sawn-softwood framing, two layers plasterboard, skim coat		50 m2 @	£15
Dry-lining: sawn-softwood framing, moisture-resistant plasterboard, skim coat		870 m2 @	£12
Plaster: 10 mm thick, bonding agent, galvanised steel beading		695 m2 @	£16
Ceramic tiling		125 m2 @	£50
Decorations: emulsion paint, one mist coat, two top-coats		1600 m2 @	£2
Floor finishes	232 200	98.43	6.52
Timber narrow striop flooring: English oak boarding, tongue-and-groove joints, softwood battens		1500 m2 @	£125
Sand: cement screed: average 75 mm thick, wood float finish		1185 m2 @	£17
600 x 600 mm polished concrete floor tiles		100 m2 @	£205
Medium-density fibreboard skirtings		760 m @	£4
Mats and matwells: stainless steel frame, coir matting		item @	£1,000
Ceiling finishes	57 100	24.21	1.61
Suspended ceilings: metal pantiles, clip-on suspension system, 150-500 mm suspension		40 m2 @	£45
Suspended ceilings: vinyl-faced non-asbestos panels, 150-500 mm suspension		60 m2 @	£35
Dry-lining: one layer plasterboard, drywall primer, galvanised steel support channel		1550 m2 @	£25
Extra for plasterboard acoustic panels		730 m2 @	£16
Decorations: emulsion paint, one mist coat, two top-coats		1550 m2 @	£2
Furniture and fittings (Excluding display fittings and exhibition fit-out)	165 000	69.94	4.64
Roller-blinds and light deflectors to gallery rooflights		item @	£90 000
Allowance for fittings to reception: desk, entry-control barrier		item @	£20 000
Allowance for fittings to shop: counter, turnstile		item @	£10 000
Allowance for fittings to education room: curtains, workbenches, shelving, sinks, etc		item @	£12 000
Allowance for office desks and shelving		item @	£10 000
Allowance for fittings to workshops, stores and staff rooms		item @	£18 000
Allowance for cloakroom fittings		item @	£5,000
Sanitary fittings	14 900	6.32	0.42
Urinals, WCs, wash-hand basins and fittings		23 @	£550
Extra for fitting to disabled toilet		1 @	£350
Shower: tray, door, thermostatic control		1 @	£1,200
Cleaners' sinks		2 @	£370
Kitchen equipment	65 000	27.55	1.83
Kitchen and servery equipment		item @	£65 000
Disposal installations	8 000	3.39	0.22
Siphonic drainage rainwater disposal system and PVCu soil and vent installation systems		item @	£8,000
Water installations	33 000	13.99	0.93
Water mains distribution		2359 m2 @	£3
Cold water storage and distribution		2359 m2 @	£6
Hot water systems: calorifier, pumps, distribution pipework		2359 m2 @	£5
Space heating and air treatment	481 200	203.98	13.52
Gas installation		item @	£4,000
Heating installation: boilers, pumps, distribution, flue		2359 m2 @	£35
Hiross underfloor heating system		1184 m2 @	£40
Air-conditioning to gallery areas: supply, extract, chilled water installation, condensate drainage		1175 m2 @	£250
Kitchen extract ventilation		item @	£13 000
Toilet extract ventilation		item @	£12 000
Thermal insulation and trace heating		item @	£28 500
Electrical installations	298 800	126.66	8.4
Mains and sub-mains installations		2359 m2 @	£18
Power supply to mechanical plant		item @	£25 000
Small power installation		2359 m2 @	£20
Lighting and general luminaires		2359 m2 @	£55
Display lighting to galleries: track-mounted feature spotlights		item @	£45 000
Emergency lighting installation		2359 m2 @	£4
Lift installation	24 100	10.22	0.68
Eight-person lift: electro-hydraulic, serving two floors, speed 0.4 m/second		item @	£24 100
Protective installation	5 300	2.25	0.15
Lightning protection		item @	£3,500
Earthing and bonding		item @	£1,800
Communications	40 200	17.04	1.13
Fire alarm: fully addressable analogue system, smoke detectors, call points		2359 m2 @	£8
Telephone and data wiring		2359 m2 @	£2.50
Television aerial installation		item @	£1,400
Public address system		item @	£7,000
Security: intruder detection, closed-circuit television, etc		item @	£7,000
Special installations	35 400	15.01	0.99
Building management system		2359 m2 @	£15
Builder's work in connection	30 000	12.72	0.84
Forming holes, chases etc, allow 3%		item @	£30 000
Preliminaries and contingencies	593 100	251 42	16.67
Management costs, site establishment and site supervision, allow 15%		item @	£444 800
Contingency sum, allow 5%		item @	£148 300
Total cost, building only	3,558,700	1,508.56	100

Regional Variations
Inner London	1.09
Outer London	1.03
South-wast England	0.97
East Midlands	0.94
West Midlands	0.95
East Anglia	0.97
Yorkshire and Humberside	0.94
North-west	0.98
North	0.94
Scotland	0.96
Wales	0.95
Northern Ireland	0.82