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Keep up to dateBuilding costs: offices and industrial (£/m2) | ||||||||||||
Heated offices | Air-conditioned offices | Factories, warehouses and industrial | High-tech/research | |||||||||
£/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | £/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | £/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | £/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | |
Country | ||||||||||||
Austria | 962 | 1 442 | 7 | 1 186 | 1 667 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Cyprus | 300 | 579 | 5 | 339 | 644 | 6 | 197 | 415 | 1 | 437 | 874 | 1 |
Czech Republic | 358 | 455 | 6 | 455 | 664 | 6 | 192 | 378 | 1 | 350 | 498 | 1 |
Denmark | 983 | 1 083 | 2 | 1 242 | 1 371 | 2 | 877 | 969 | 1 | 1 246 | 1 357 | 2 |
Finland | 699 | 880 | 5 | 763 | 933 | 5 | 435 | 530 | 1 | 646 | 763 | 2 |
France | 576 | 817 | 4 | 672 | 961 | 4 | 192 | 240 | 1 | 480 | 576 | 2 |
Germany (Berlin) | 773 | 1 128 | 5 | 966 | 1 450 | 5 | 322 | 548 | 2 | 902 | 1 450 | 4 |
Hungary | 311 | 443 | 3 | 410 | 639 | 6 | 180 | 295 | 1 | 393 | 525 | 2 |
Ireland | 640 | 920 | 5 | 840 | 1 120 | 5 | 160 | 300 | 1 | 640 | 920 | 2 |
Italy | 521 | 651 | 8 | 651 | 976 | 8 | 260 | 521 | 1 | 651 | 1 302 | 2 |
The Netherlands | 623 | 758 | 6 | 749 | 988 | 8 | 305 | 474 | 1 | 850 | 1 121 | 3 |
Norway | 621 | 1 087 | 4 | 660 | 1 165 | 4 | 388 | 932 | 1 | 932 | 1 398 | 4 |
Poland | 373 | 606 | – | 505 | 788 | – | 233 | 385 | – | 406 | 555 | – |
Romania | – | – | – | 560 | 747 | 6 | 311 | 436 | 2 | N/A | N/A | – |
Russia | 424 | 727 | 5 | 515 | 909 | 6 | 424 | 667 | 2 | N/A | N/A | – |
Spain | 274 | 329 | 6 | 312 | 375 | 10 | 137 | 165 | 2 | 511 | 587 | – |
Sweden | 624 | 661 | 4 | 661 | 881 | 4 | 587 | 661 | 1 | 661 | 734 | 1 |
Switzerland | – | – | – | 918 | 1 381 | 4 | 362 | 617 | 2 | 918 | 1 529 | 2 |
UK | 795 | 1 080 | 4 | 1 195 | 1 690 | 8 | 235 | 380 | 1 | 700 | 1 030 | 2 |
Argentina | N/A | N/A | – | 405 | 530 | 20 | 93 | 125 | 1 | – | – | – |
Australia | N/A | N/A | – | 590 | 731 | 17 | 192 | 247 | 1 | 592 | 790 | 2 |
China | N/A | N/A | – | 489 | 640 | 203 | 346 | – | 579 | 715 | – | |
Hong Kong | N/A | N/A | – | 890 | 1 162 | 45 | 385 | 577 | 15 | 1 162 | 1 555 | 3 |
India | N/A | N/A | – | 273 | 316 | 3 | 115 | 172 | 2 | 258 | 344 | 2 |
Indonesia | N/A | N/A | – | 270 | 322 | – | 195 | 236 | – | – | – | – |
Israel | 412 | 508 | 10 | 412 | 508 | 10 | 191 | 250 | 2 | 368 | 486 | 6 |
Japan | N/A | N/A | – | 1 617 | 2 636 | 15 | 488 | 1 147 | 1 | 1 147 | 1 611 | 3 |
Kenya | N/A | N/A | – | 292 | 375 | 12 | 167 | 250 | 1 | 375 | 458 | 2 |
Malaysia | – | – | – | 163 | 294 | 33 | 73 | 114 | 2 | – | – | – |
New Zealand | 509 | 573 | 20 | 573 | 669 | 25 | 96 | 143 | – | 239 | 398 | – |
Oman | N/A | N/A | – | 356 | 623 | – | 178 | 445 | – | 566 | 971 | – |
Philippines | N/A | N/A | – | 335 | 457 | 40 | 168 | 259 | 2 | 457 | 594 | 5 |
Saudi Arabia | N/A | N/A | – | 498 | 830 | 7 | 349 | 581 | 1 | 581 | 996 | 2 |
Singapore | N/A | N/A | – | 559 | 708 | 25 | 287 | 373 | 2 | 317 | 410 | 2 |
South Africa | N/A | N/A | – | 203 | 284 | 2 | 162 | 223 | 1 | 244 | 304 | 1 |
Thailand | N/A | N/A | – | 353 | 401 | 30 | 112 | 136 | 2 | N/A | N/A | – |
United Arab Emirates | N/A | N/A | – | 339 | 594 | 20 | 170 | 424 | – | 543 | 933 | 3 |
USA** | N/A | N/A | – | 719 | 1 085 | 8 | 282 | 432 | 1 | 731 | 958 | 2 |
* Typical number of storeys has only been provided where identified by local offices | ||||||||||||
** USA figures are an average for eight cities |
Building costs: residential and retail (£/m2) | ||||||||||||
High-rise apartments | Shopping centre | High-quality capital city hotel | Provincial/suburban hotel | |||||||||
£/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | £/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | £/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | £/m2 low | £/m2 high | floors* (typical) | |
Country | ||||||||||||
Austria | 1 090 | 1 154 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Cyprus | 360 | 513 | 4 | 306 | 546 | 2 | 546 | 874 | 5 | 350 | 492 | 3 |
Czech Republic | 306 | 434 | 1 | 367 | 490 | 1 | 577 | 829 | 8 | 395 | 504 | 3 |
Denmark | 905 | 1 006 | 5 | 1 062 | 1 154 | 1 | 1 339 | 1 431 | 5 | 973 | 1 052 | 3 |
Finland | 763 | 1 113 | 4 | 530 | 646 | 2 | 1 049 | 1 166 | 5 | 816 | 933 | 3 |
France | 432 | 720 | 6 | 384 | 624 | 2 | 817 | 1 153 | 6 | 432 | 576 | 2 |
Germany (Berlin) | 644 | 838 | 5 | 805 | 1 128 | 3 | 1 289 | 1 450 | 10 | 805 | 1 128 | 5 |
Hungary | 261 | 393 | 6 | 344 | 574 | 3 | 656 | 951 | 6 | 361 | 541 | 4 |
Ireland | 500 | 680 | 5 | 1 120 | 1 400 | 2 | 880 | 1 040 | 4 | 720 | 920 | 3 |
Italy | 488 | 716 | 4 | 814 | 976 | 1 | 651 | 1 139 | 4 | 521 | 911 | 2 |
The Netherlands | 387 | 631 | 10 | 510 | 692 | 1 | 1 134 | 1 313 | 8 | 981 | 1 104 | 4 |
Norway | 544 | 932 | 3 | 505 | 854 | 2 | 1 398 | 1 553 | 5 | 660 | 1 010 | 2 |
Poland | 334 | 585 | – | 538 | 717 | – | 684 | 854 | – | 469 | 684 | – |
Romania | 308 | 560 | 2 | N/A | N/A | – | 616 | 934 | 5 | – | – | – |
Russia | N/A | N/A | – | 424 | 667 | 3 | 727 | 909 | 5 | 455 | 667 | 4 |
Spain | 328 | 390 | 8 | 298 | 357 | 2 | 468 | 562 | 10 | 343 | 417 | 6 |
Sweden | 808 | 918 | 3 | 698 | 808 | 3 | 734 | 881 | 4 | 698 | 771 | 3 |
Switzerland | 590 | 872 | 4 | 369 | 550 | – | 1 381 | 1 850 | 5 | – | – | – |
UK | 865 | 1 175 | 8 | 820 | 1 470 | 2 | 1 280 | 1 520 | 10 | 750 | 1 070 | 4 |
Argentina | 280 | 343 | 25 | 374 | 498 | 3 | 561 | 623 | 20 | 312 | 374 | 4 |
Australia | 502 | 673 | 15 | 409 | 553 | 2 | 900 | 1 204 | 15 | 717 | 1 011 | 2 |
China | 263 | 339 | – | 564 | 677 | – | 677 | 903 | – | 527 | 752 | – |
Hong Kong | 850 | 1 162 | 45 | 1 002 | 1 242 | 4 | 994 | 1 459 | 25 | N/A | N/A | – |
India | 86 | 115 | 14 | 100 | 129 | 2 | 86 119† | 100 473† | – | 28 706† | 43 060† | – |
Indonesia | 240 | 283 | 10 | 214 | 257 | – | 343 | 412 | 15 | 279 | 335 | 8 |
Israel | 368 | 405 | 16 | 294 | 405 | 2 | 441 | 552 | 12 | 324 | 441 | 3 |
Japan | 1 666 | 1 849 | 20 | 671 | 1 666 | 5 | 2 221 | 3 325 | 20 | 1 574 | 2 032 | 10 |
Kenya | 200 | 250 | 6 | 167 | 208 | 2 | 292 | 542 | 9 | 167 | 250 | 3 |
Malaysia | 245 | 310 | 15 | 139 | 294 | 4 | 245 | 571 | 10 | 196 | 408 | 6 |
New Zealand | 446 | 605 | – | 271 | 446 | – | 732 | 828 | – | 573 | 669 | – |
Oman | 417 | 712 | – | 404 | 971 | – | 445 | 801 | – | 340 | 623 | – |
Philippines | 305 | 442 | 35 | 183 | 244 | 4 | 533§ | 655§ | 35 | 381§ | 442§ | 8 |
Saudi Arabi | 581 | 797 | 7 | 498 | 830 | 2 | 913§ | 1 246§ | 7 | 747§ | 1 079§ | 4 |
Singapore | 447 | 596 | 25 | 410 | 484 | 2 | 783 | 894 | 10 | 596 | 745 | 7 |
South Africa | – | – | – | 183 | 264 | 1 | 304 | 365 | 7 | 264 | 325 | 5 |
Thailand | 265 | 321 | 20 | 200 | 233 | 4 | 401 | 481 | 20 | 192 | 289 | 3 |
United Arab Emirates | 382 | 678 | 15 | 382 | 933 | 3 | 424 | 763 | 15 | 339 | 594 | 5 |
USA** | 513 | 845 | 20 | 506 | 793 | 2 | 1 118 | 1 471 | 15 | 767 | 1 060 | 5 |
* Typical number of storeys has only been provided where identified by local offices | ||||||||||||
** USA figures are an average for eight cities § Costs include furniture, fittings and equipment † Costs per room |
Inflation rates and forecasts | ||||||||||||||||
Price inflation (%) | Building tender price inflation (%) | |||||||||||||||
Country | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
Austria | – | – | – | – | – | 0.9 | 1.2 | – | 3.5 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.9 | – | – |
Cyprus | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.7 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 8 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 5 |
Czech Republic | 9.1 | 9 | 10 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 2.1 | – | – | 12 | 9.3 | 12 | 10.7 | 8.4 | 2 | 5.3 | – |
Denmark | 2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 8 | 8 | – | 2.8 | 5.4 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 9.5 | 5.8 | – |
Finland | 5 | 1.2 | -1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 4 | – | 15 | 0 | –7.4 | 9 | 11 | 12.5 | 4.1 | – |
France | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.1 | –1.0 | 0.7 | 1 | – | 3.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.7 | – | – |
Germany | 5 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | – | 5.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | –2.5 | 0 | – | – | – |
Hungary | 27 | 29.8 | 23 | 18 | 14.5 | 10.5 | 9 | – | 30.2 | 27.3 | 19 | 14 | 19 | 11.5 | 10 | – |
Ireland | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 5.9 | – | – | – | 8 | 2 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.2 | – | – | – |
Italy | 5.9 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.3 | -1.8 | 2 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.5 |
The Netherlands | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 5 | 3.2 | – | |
Norway | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3 | 1.7 | 2 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.7 |
Poland | 32.2 | 28 | 19.5 | 15.3 | 10.6 | 8.5 | – | – | 19.6 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 7 | 8.6 | – | – |
Romania | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 40 | 7.1 | – |
Russia | – | – | – | – | 52 | 120 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Spain | – | – | – | – | – | 2.7 | 2.4 | – | 2.7 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 2.2 | – |
Sweden | 2.2 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.9 | 2.5 | – | – | 1.6 | 6.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.5 | – | – | – |
Switzerland | – | – | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 1.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1.5 | – |
UK | 2.4 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 3 | 6 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.2 |
Argentina | 5 | 4 | –3.0 | 3 | 2 | –3.8 | 2.8 | – | 2.2 | 0.8 | -5 | 1.1 | 0 | -0.8 | 4 | – |
Australia | 2.1 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 3 | – | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
China | – | – | – | 1.8 | –1.5 | –1.3 | – | – | –1.5 | –1.5 | –2.5 | –2.5 | –1.2 | –0.3 | -0.8 | – |
Hong Kong | 9.8 | 8.2 | 7 | 5.3 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 4.3 | – | 13 | 12.4 | 10.2 | 19.3 | –6.0 | –0.1 | – | – |
India | – | – | – | – | 15 | 3.1 | – | – | 7.7 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 11.1 | 10 | 8 |
Indonesia | 5 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 82.4 | – | – | – | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 10 | 100 | 0 | – | – |
Israel | – | 13 | 8 | 10.6 | 6.7 | 2.8 | 4.7 | – | 11.9 | 8 | 8 | 7.4 | 2.1 | 2 | 4.6 | 4.3 |
Japan | –1.1 | 0.9 | –1.7 | –0.6 | –3.5 | 0.3 | -0.2 | – | –5.4 | –2.7 | –1.3 | –0.3 | –2.2 | –1.6 | – | – |
Kenya | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15.5 | 2.9 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 8.2 | 17 | 17 | 16 |
Malaysia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 2 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 4 | – | – |
New Zealand | 0.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 | – | 2.1 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 2 | – |
Philippines | – | – | – | 5.3 | 10.2 | 5.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | – |
Saudi Arabia | 0.6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Singapore | – | – | – | 2.3 | –1.4 | 0.9 | – | – | 0 | 5.2 | 8.9 | 2.7 | -14.2 | -9.3 | – | – |
South Africa | – | – | 6 | 4 | 4.1 | – | – | – | 8.4 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 11.8 | 6.5 | 4.2 |
Thailand | – | – | – | 7 | 5.8 | – | – | – | 8.2 | 5.7 | -0.9 | 8.1 | -1.7 | -2.6 | 4.3 | 4.2 |
United Arab Emirates | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 0.1 | – | – |
USA** | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 2.6 | – | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | – |
Labour rates (£/hour) | ||||||
Basic rate* | All-in rate† | |||||
Country | Unskilled | Semi-skilled | Skilled | Unskilled | Semi-skilled | Skilled |
Austria | 4.7 | 5.14 | 6.07 | 9.6 | 10.33 | 11.76 |
Cyprus | 3.17 | 3.44 | 3.93 | 5.02 | 5.68 | 6.83 |
Czech Republic | 0.73 | 1.4 | 2.27 | 2.27 | 3.41 | 4.9 |
Denmark | 11.18 | 12.03 | 12.62 | 21.43 | 23.38 | 23.97 |
Finland | 4.77 | 6.36 | 7.42 | 8.27 | 11.34 | 12.82 |
France | 4.23 | 5.28 | 6.24 | 9.03 | 11.53 | 12.78 |
Germany | 5.8 | 7.09 | 11.28 | 19.33 | 20.94 | 24.16 |
Hungary | 0.87 | 1.12 | 1.61 | 2.48 | 3.23 | 4.6 |
Ireland | 5.13 | 5.83 | 6.4 | 9.19 | 10.58 | 11.5 |
Italy | 6.83 | 7.81 | 8.46 | 13.67 | 15.62 | 16.92 |
The Netherlands | 5.72 | 6.58 | 7.15 | 12.87 | 14.01 | 16.01 |
Norway | 5.44 | – | 9.94 | 16.31 | – | 21.74 |
Poland | 0.99 | 1.23 | 1.48 | 1.91 | 2.36 | 2.84 |
Romania | 0.81 | 1.56 | 1.96 | 1.06 | 2.09 | 2.65 |
Russia | – | – | – | 2.49 | 3.24 | 4.49 |
Spain | 4.4 | 5.08 | 6.44 | 8.51 | 9.21 | 10.85 |
Sweden | – | 5.87 | 8.08 | – | 12.48 | 16.89 |
Switzerland | 11.02 | 11.96 | 12.41 | 18.38 | 20.08 | 20.86 |
UK | 4.55 | 5.2 | 6.05 | 6.01 | 6.83 | 7.91 |
Argentina | 1.33 | 1.56 | 1.81 | 2.87 | 3.36 | 3.99 |
Australia | 5.97 | 6.41 | 6.77 | 9.22 | 9.88 | 10.48 |
China | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.51 |
Hong Kong | 5.85 | – | 8.82 | 6.73 | – | 10.18 |
India | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.23 |
Indonesia | 0.51 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.82 | 1.03 |
Israel | 3.53 | 4.41 | 5.89 | 4.12 | 5.59 | 7.65 |
Japan | 11.98 | 15.49 | 16.78 | 17.97 | 23.23 | 25.17 |
Kenya | 0.15 | 0.34 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 1 |
Malaysia | – | – | – | 0.9 | 1.14 | 1.88 |
New Zealand | 2.94 | 4.3 | 5.57 | 3.53 | 5.16 | 7.32 |
Oman | 1.02 | 1.25 | 1.36 | 1.46 | 1.78 | 1.94 |
Philippines | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 0.65 |
Saudi Arabia | 0.66 | 0.83 | 1.66 | 1.33 | 1.66 | 2.49 |
Singapore | 1.34 | 1.79 | 2.24 | 2.2 | 2.27 | 2.42 |
South Africa | 0.83 | 1.24 | 2.08 | 1 | 1.59 | 2.64 |
Singapore | 3.05 | 3.61 | 6.26 | 3.53 | 4.09 | 6.82 |
United Arab Emirates | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.12 |
USA** | 13.02 | 14.69 | 17.72 | 19.56 | 21.59 | 25.75 |
* Basic rate is the amount paid to a site operative, based on figures promulgated by the national wage-fixing body in the country. In many cases, employers may be paying above or below the basic rate. † All-in rate is the gross hourly cost of employing the site operative, based on the standard working week for the country, including items such as insurances, statutory contributions and taxes. The all-in labour rate for the Middle East includes thecost of importing labour and food and accommodation. | ||||||
** USA figures are an average for eight cities |
Building materials supply prices | |||||||||||
Steel rebar high yield | Structural steel | Ordinary cement | Concrete (20 N/mm2) | Aggregate all grades | Sand (coarse) | Plaster | Carcassing timber | Common bricks | Concrete blocks (100 mm) | Glass (6 mm) | |
Country | £/tonne | £/tonne | £/tonne | cost/m3 | £/tonne | £/tonne | £/tonne | £/m3 | £/1000 | £/m2 | £/m2 |
Austria | 279 | – | 87 | – | 10 | 10 | 112 | ||||
Cyprus | 197 | 683 | 38 | 22 | 3 | 3 | 49 | 213 | 147 | 7 | 7 |
Czech Republic | 273 | 455 | 41 | 23 | 6 | 6 | 29 | 91 | 119 | 5 | 4 |
Denmark | 678 | 565 | 95 | 68 | 7 | 7 | 69 | – | – | 14 | – |
Finland | 307 | 646 | 65 | 34 | 6 | 6 | – | 127 | – | 6 | 21 |
France | 576 | 576 | 67 | 61 | 9 | 9 | 81 | 144 | 173 | 4 | 14 |
Germany (Berlin) | 242 | 515 | 64 | 42 | 11 | 8 | 119 | 177 | 209 | 14 | 23 |
Hungary | 348 | 497 | 45 | 21 | 10 | 9 | 87 | 149 | 124 | 7 | 9 |
Ireland | 260 | 800 | 68 | 40 | 5 | 6 | 88 | 200 | 240 | 48 | 16 |
Italy | 179 | 586 | 50 | 42 | 7 | 11 | 75 | 146 | 49 | 4 | 18 |
The Netherlands | 503 | 815 | 63 | 51 | 14 | 17 | 94 | 206 | 112 | 14 | 18 |
Norway | 311 | 1 087 | 101 | 25 | 7 | 7 | 97 | 140 | 311 | 12 | 21 |
Poland | 199 | 224 | 31 | 26 | – | 2 | 51 | 143 | 98 | 6 | 3 |
Romania | 280 | 560 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Russia | 198 | 494 | 46 | 43 | 7 | 4 | – | 56 | – | 20 | 28 |
Spain | 360 | 379 | 40 | 37 | 8 | 9 | – | – | 68 | 4 | 12 |
Sweden | 441 | – | 110 | 73 | 10 | 10 | 345 | 110 | 661 | 13 | – |
Switzerland | 595 | – | 106 | 68 | 13 | 20 | 138 | – | 218 | – | – |
UK | 359 | 554 | 76 | 57 | 11 | 11 | 127 | 202 | 173 | 7 | 21 |
Argentina | 293 | 498 | 74 | 56 | 4 | 6 | 78 | 50 | 75 | 6 | 19 |
Australia | 434 | 513 | 105 | 39 | 13 | 11 | 109 | 237 | 169 | 7 | 9 |
China | 169 | 211 | 26 | 26 | 4 | 4 | – | 98 | 21 | 2 | 3 |
Hong Kong | 170 | 297 | 55 | 48 | 4 | 4 | 48 | 116 | 69 | 6 | 4 |
India | 244 | 309 | 37 | 34 | 11 | 3 | – | – | 20 | 4 | 11 |
Indonesia | 249 | 300 | 43 | 26 | 4 | 3 | – | 129 | – | 4 | 4 |
Japan | 177 | 427 | 53 | 73 | 26 | 28 | – | 323 | – | 9 | 12 |
Kenya | 375 | – | 73 | 38 | 7 | 9 | – | 59 | 153 | 5 | 7 |
Malaysia | 196 | 424 | 33 | 21 | 5 | 3 | 73 | 114 | 33 | 2 | 1 |
New Zealand | 398 | 446 | 67 | 56 | 9 | 13 | – | – | 153 | 6 | 16 |
Oman | 324 | – | 47 | 21 | 3 | 5 | 36 | 170 | – | 5 | – |
Philippines | 195 | 274 | 38 | 41 | 12 | 11 | – | 168 | – | 1 | 15 |
Saudi Arabia | 241 | 498 | 43 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 58 | 125 | – | 3 | 20 |
Singapore | 186 | 261 | 30 | 17 | 4 | 4 | – | 268 | 50 | 3 | 9 |
South Africa | 406 | 49 | 27 | 7 | 5 | – | – | 32 | – | – | |
Thailand | 176 | 481 | 29 | 24 | 5 | 4 | 29 | – | – | 4 | 4 |
United Arab Emirates | 178 | 305 | 41 | 30 | 6 | 11 | 170 | 271 | – | 5 | 11 |
USA** | 432 | 1030 | 85 | 53 | 12 | 13 | 138 | 143 | 295 | 17 | 31 |
** USA figures are an average for eight cities | |||||||||||