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| Applying value management through the life of a project | ||
| Stage | Objective | Techniques |
| Concept | Get the right project | Benchmarking, function analysis, life-cycle costing |
| Feasibility | Select the best option | Life-cycle costing, option evaluation, risk analysis, value engineering |
| Design | Achieve cost-effectiveness | Life-cycle costing, risk reviews, value engineering |
| Construction | Optimise supply-chain efficiency | Value-based advice, value engineering |
| Use | Continuous improvement | Life-cycle cost comparisons, surveys, value-engineering operations |
| Cost summary | ||
| element cost | % of total cost | |
| Demolitions and alterations | 30 500 | 3.25 |
| Shell construction | 81 500 | 8.68 |
| Extension | Item @ £50 000 | |
| Replacement roof to existing | Item @ £31 500 | |
| Internal finishes | 47 000 | 5.01 |
| Internal finishes generally | Item @ £32 000 | |
| Metalwork | Item @ £1000 | |
| Painting and decorating | Item @ £14 000 | |
| Fixtures and fittings | 464 500 | 49.49 |
| Carpentry and joinery | Item @ £62 500 | |
| Furniture and fittings | Item @ £48 000 | |
| Direct contracts for furniture and fittings | Item @ £109 000 | |
| Direct contracts for bar, cellar and catering equipment | Item @ £245 000 | |
| Mechanical services | 54 500 | 5.81 |
| Sanitary fittings | Item @ £8000 | |
| Plumbing installation | Item @ £8500 | |
| Heating installation | Item @ £13 000 | |
| Ventilation and air-conditioning | Item @ £23 500 | |
| Gas installation | Item @ £1500 | |
| Electrical services | 30 000 | 3.2 |
| Electrical services generally | Item @ £30 000 | |
| External works | 230 500 | 24.56 |
| Signage and advertising | Item @ £17 000 | |
| External works, car parks and landscaping | Item @ £186 500 | |
| Drainage and water treatment | Item @ £27 000 | |
| Total construction cost | 938 500 | 100 |
| Functional cost breakdown | ||
| element cost | % of total cost | |
| Function 1: Attract customers | 424 500 | 45.23 |
| Demolitions and alterations | Item @ £5500 | |
| Shell construction – new build | Item @ £15 000 | |
| Shell construction – replacement roofing | Item @ £11 500 | |
| Internal finishes – generally | Item @ £21 000 | |
| Internal finishes – painting and decorating | Item @ £7000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – carpentry and joinery | Item @ £32 000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – generally | Item @ £5000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – direct contracts for furniture and fittings | Item @ £109 000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – direct contracts for bar, cellar and kitchen equipment | Item @ £57 500 | |
| Electrical services – generally | Item @ £4000 | |
| External works – advertising and signage | Item @ £17 000 | |
| External works – car parks and landscaping | Item @ £140 000 | |
| Function 2: Attract and retain staff | 32 100 | 3.42 |
| Demolitions and alterations | Item @ £8500 | |
| Internal finishes – generally | Item @ £3000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – carpentry and joinery | Item @ £1000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – direct contracts for bar, cellar and kitchen equipment | Item @ £10 400 | |
| Mechanical services – sanitary fittings | Item @ £1500 | |
| External works – car parks and landscaping | Item @ £7700 | |
| Function 3: Encourage spend | 124 300 | 13.24 |
| Demolitions and alterations | Item @ £5000 | |
| Shell construction – new build | Item @ £30 000 | |
| Internal finishes – metalwork | Item @ £1000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – carpentry and joinery | Item @ £16 500 | |
| Furniture and fittings – generally | Item @ £32 000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – direct contracts for bar, cellar and kitchen equipment | Item @ £3600 | |
| Mechanical services – heating | Item @ £7000 | |
| Mechanical services – ventilation and air-conditioning | Item @ £7000 | |
| Electrical services – generally | Item @ £16 000 | |
| External works – car parks and landscaping | Item @ £6200 | |
| Function 4: Satisfy legal constraints | 71 500 | 7.62 |
| Shell construction – replacement roofing | Item @ £10 000 | |
| Internal finishes – generally | Item @ £5000 | |
| Internal finishes – painting and decorating | Item @ £1000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – carpentry and joinery | Item @ £5000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – direct contracts for bar, cellar and kitchen equipment | Item @ £25 500 | |
| Mechanical services – sanitary fittings | Item @ £3000 | |
| Mechanical services – plumbing | Item @ £1000 | |
| Mechanical services – ventilation and air-conditioning | Item @ £6000 | |
| External works – drainage and water treatment | Item @ £15 000 | |
| Function 5: Enable ease of operation | 158 000 | 16.84 |
| Demolitions and alterations | Item @ £8000 | |
| Internal finishes – generally | Item @ £1000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – generally | Item @ £3000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – carpentry and joinery | Item @ £1000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – direct contracts for bar, cellar and kitchen equipment | Item @ £80 000 | |
| Mechanical services – sanitary fittings | Item @ £3500 | |
| Mechanical services – plumbing | Item @ £7500 | |
| Mechanical services – heating | Item @ £3000 | |
| Mechanical services – ventilation and air-conditioning | Item @ £6500 | |
| Mechanical services – gas installation | Item @ £1500 | |
| Electrical services – generally | Item @ £3000 | |
| External works – car parks and landscaping | Item @ £28 000 | |
| External works – drainage and water treatment | Item @ £12 000 | |
| Function 6: Minimise operational and maintenance costs | 128 100 | 13.65 |
| Demolitions and alterations | Item @ £3500 | |
| Shell construction – new build | Item @ £5000 | |
| Shell construction – replacement roofing | Item @ £10 000 | |
| Internal finishes – generally | Item @ £2000 | |
| Internal finishes – painting and decorating | Item @ £6000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – carpentry and joinery | Item @ £7000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – generally | Item @ £8000 | |
| Furniture and fittings – direct contracts for bar, cellar and kitchen equipment | Item @ £68 000 | |
| Mechanical services – heating | Item @ £3000 | |
| Mechanical services – ventilation and air-conditioning | Item @ £4000 | |
| Electrical services – generally | Item @ £7000 | |
| External works – car parks and landscaping | Item @ £4600 | |
| Total construction cost | 938 500 | 100 |