Sustainability: Domestic power masterclass | Features

Areas required for the production of 1kWp
	Efficiency	Area required
Monocrystalline	15%	8m2
Multicrystaline	13%	10m2
Amorphous	7%	20m2

Comparative cost and performance
LZC System	Typical output	Capital cost (£)	Carbon reduction (Kg CO2/pa)	Payback period (years)
Micro CHP	heating: 18,000kWh, electricity: 2,400kWh	1,000-3,000	600/kWp	3-4*
Biomass	20kW	5,000-6000	0.3/kWh	na
Ground source heating	8kW	800-1,400**	0.1/kWh	na
Wind (very small scale)	1kW	1,500-3,000	0.41/kWh	30+
Wind (small scale)	1.5-6kW	4,000-18,000	0.4/kWh	20-30
Photovoltaic cells	1.5-2.0kWp	4,000-9,000/kWp	300/kWp	Up to 120
Solar panels, flat plate	3kW	2,000-3,000	0.2/kWh	10+
Solar panels, evacuated tube	3kW	3,500-4,500	0.2/kWh	10+
** excludes civil works and underfloor distribution * payback based on extra cost compared to conventional boiler